Teaching ESL pronunciation is one of the hardest things ESL teachers do because there are so many variables to consider; but, here are some tips and resources that will hopefully make teaching ESL pronunciation a little easier.
Teaching ESL pronunciation requires a basic knowledge of what makes:
When you understand how all these things work together to create a spoken language, you will be able to better teach English pronunciation.
Phonemes are the individual sounds that, when glued together, make up words. They include both vowel and consonant sounds, and when one or more phonemes is changed in a word, the word is also changed.
For example, these words are all different with different meanings:
To teach the pronunciation of any phoneme, a teacher must do at least the following three things:
1. Demonstrate - This may seem exceedingly obvious, but the first step in teaching pronunciation is to demonstrate sounds for your students so they can see what you're doing with your face and mouth. You can use your own face and mouth, or you can use models or diagrams to show the proper placement of the tongue, lips and teeth to produce a certain sound.
2. Exaggerate - Many times, the difficulty students have with English pronunciation stems from the fact that their language doesn't have the same sounds. The "th" sound (voiced or unvoiced), especially, can be quite difficult because it simply doesn't exist in most other languages.
When you say, "thanks," your tongue barely touches your teeth for just a fraction of a second. If you watched someone say it in slow motion, you'd see their tongue peek out for just a moment.
But when you teach your students to pronounce words with the "th" sound, you should stick your tongue way out and spit all over everyone in the front row to make it quite clear that:
I will make you look like a complete idiot, and the students will always laugh at you and never want to make fools of themselves in the same way, but they learn how to say the "th" sound, by-golly.
3. Differentiate - When a sound doesn't exist in a student's native language, they always find a substitute sound that they are familiar with. The "th" sound can turn into an "f," "s" or "t" sound depending on the student's native tongue.
It is important to demonstrate that there are differences in the sounds, and that those differences are very important:
Correcting most of these mistakes is not quite as urgent, but with a few examples, students will understand why each sound is important, and they will work hard to get each phoneme correct. They only need you to teach them the difference.
One of the biggest reasons non-native English speakers sound non-native is that they try to speak English in the rhythm of their native language. Each language has its own "music," so to speak, with emphasis placed on different words.
Basically, there are two types of words: content words and function words:
We see these two types of words emerge as children learn to speak.
The "focus word," the word that is emphasized in an English phrase, is usually the last content word in that phrase. There are exceptions to this rule, of course, if you want to shift the emphasis for some reason (to contrast or correct, perhaps); but, in general, that's how it works.
Consider this sentence: "All of the penguins are on him!"
How would a native speaker of English say this sentence? Would each letter be pronounced? Would the words be neatly separated? Absolutely not! Some sounds would be cut off, and all the words would be linked together in one long sound. This is normal and natural, and it's necessary for students to learn if they want to speak English fluently.
Here are a few tips for helping ESL students learn how to link and reduce speech:
The last piece of the pronunciation puzzle is intonation - the rise and fall of the pitch of your voice. Many people think that questions have a rising intonation and statements don't. This is not entirely true.
If you are a native speaker of English, you already have a huge resource at your disposal - your own voice. Trust your own English pronunciation; it has served you well so far. Study it, and pay attention to how you say things naturally. This will carry you far.
YourDictionary has prepared a series of tips, activities and handouts designed to help the ESL student with pronunciation. Each of these are presented in a printable format for use as a teaching aid.
Here are a few other online resources for teaching English pronunciation:
Remember, the key to teaching ESL pronunciation is knowing how speakers, languages and accents sound different from each other. You need to help your students listen, speak and differentiate what's different.
MLA Style
"Tips & Resources for Teaching ESL Pronunciation." YourDictionary, n.d. Web. 20 February 2019. <https://esl.yourdictionary.com/esl/esl-lessons-and-materials/tips-resources-for-teaching-esl-pronunciation.html>.
APA Style
Tips & Resources for Teaching ESL Pronunciation. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20th, 2019, from https://esl.yourdictionary.com/esl/esl-lessons-and-materials/tips-resources-for-teaching-esl-pronunciation.html